Enhance citation management and literature review guidelines

- Updated SKILL.md in citation management to include best practices for identifying seminal and high-impact papers, emphasizing citation count thresholds, venue quality tiers, and author reputation indicators. - Expanded literature review SKILL.md to prioritize high-impact papers, detailing citation metrics, journal tiers, and author reputation assessment. - Added comprehensive evaluation strategies for paper impact and quality in literature_search_strategies.md, including citation count significance and journal impact factor guidance. - Improved research lookup scripts to prioritize results based on citation count, venue prestige, and author reputation, enhancing the quality of research outputs.
2026-01-26 16:58:56 +08:00 · 2026-01-05 13:01:10 -08:00
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+# Nature/Science Abstract Examples
+
+Examples of well-crafted abstracts for high-impact multidisciplinary journals. These demonstrate the flowing paragraph style with broad accessibility expected at Nature, Science, and related venues.
+
+---
+
+## Example 1: Molecular Biology / Cell Biology
+
+**Topic**: CRISPR gene editing discovery
+
+```
+The ability to precisely edit DNA sequences in living cells has transformed 
+biological research and holds promise for treating genetic diseases. However, 
+current genome editing tools can introduce unwanted mutations at off-target 
+sites, limiting their clinical potential. Here we describe prime editing, a 
+versatile and precise genome editing method that directly writes new genetic 
+information into a specified DNA site using a reverse transcriptase fused to a 
+CRISPR nickase. Prime editing can make all 12 types of point mutations, as 
+well as small insertions and deletions, with minimal off-target editing and 
+without requiring double-strand breaks or donor DNA templates. In human cells, 
+we used prime editing to correct the primary genetic causes of sickle cell 
+disease and Tay-Sachs disease, and to install protective mutations that 
+reduce risk of prion disease. Prime editing expands the scope and capabilities 
+of genome editing and may address approximately 89% of known human genetic 
+disease variants.
+```
+
+**Why this works**:
+- Opens with broad significance (genetic disease treatment)
+- States the problem clearly (off-target mutations)
+- Describes the approach accessibly ("writes new genetic information")
+- Includes specific results (all 12 point mutations, specific diseases)
+- Ends with quantified impact (89% of variants)
+
+---
+
+## Example 2: Neuroscience
+
+**Topic**: Memory consolidation mechanism
+
+```
+Sleep is essential for memory consolidation, yet how the sleeping brain 
+transforms labile memories into stable long-term representations remains 
+poorly understood. We used multi-site electrophysiology in freely behaving 
+mice to record the activity of thousands of neurons across hippocampus and 
+cortex during learning and subsequent sleep. We discovered that specific 
+neurons that encode a newly learned memory reactivate in precisely timed 
+sequences during slow-wave sleep, with hippocampal reactivation preceding 
+cortical reactivation by 10-15 milliseconds. Optogenetic disruption of this 
+temporal coordination impaired memory retention by 78%, whereas artificial 
+enhancement of the temporal relationship strengthened memories beyond normal 
+levels. These results reveal that the temporal ordering of hippocampal-cortical 
+replay is not merely correlative but causally necessary for memory 
+consolidation. Our findings suggest new therapeutic approaches for memory 
+disorders based on optimizing the temporal dynamics of sleep.
+```
+
+**Why this works**:
+- Connects to well-known phenomenon (sleep and memory)
+- States what was unknown
+- Describes approach (multi-site recordings)
+- Key finding with specific number (10-15 ms)
+- Causal evidence (disruption and enhancement experiments)
+- Broader implications (therapeutic approaches)
+
+---
+
+## Example 3: Climate Science
+
+**Topic**: Carbon cycle feedback
+
+```
+Arctic permafrost contains approximately 1,500 billion tonnes of organic 
+carbon—twice the amount currently in the atmosphere. As the Arctic warms, 
+this carbon may be released to the atmosphere, accelerating global warming 
+through a positive feedback loop. However, the magnitude and timing of this 
+feedback remain highly uncertain because microbial decomposition rates in 
+thawing permafrost are poorly constrained. Here we present a 15-year 
+field experiment across 25 sites spanning the Arctic, tracking carbon 
+fluxes in warming permafrost under natural conditions. We find that 
+microbial respiration increases exponentially with temperature until soils 
+reach 3°C, then plateaus due to substrate limitation—a threshold effect 
+not captured by current Earth system models. Our results suggest that 
+permafrost carbon feedback will be 30-50% lower than current projections 
+during this century, providing more time to limit warming, but will 
+accelerate dramatically if deep permafrost begins to thaw.
+```
+
+**Why this works**:
+- Opens with striking number (1,500 billion tonnes)
+- Clear problem statement (feedback uncertainty)
+- Specific methodology (15 years, 25 sites)
+- Novel finding (threshold at 3°C)
+- Implications both reassuring and cautionary
+
+---
+
+## Example 4: Physics / Materials Science
+
+**Topic**: Room-temperature superconductivity
+
+```
+Superconductivity—the flow of electricity without resistance—has been 
+confined to extremely low temperatures since its discovery over a century 
+ago, limiting practical applications. The recent demonstration of 
+superconductivity in hydrogen-rich materials at high pressure has raised 
+hopes for higher transition temperatures, but achieving room-temperature 
+superconductivity at ambient pressure has remained elusive. Here we report 
+superconductivity at 21°C (294 K) in a nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride 
+(Lu-N-H) compound at pressures of approximately 1 GPa—nearly ambient 
+conditions. Electrical resistance drops to zero below the transition 
+temperature with a sharp transition width of 2 K, and we observe the Meissner 
+effect confirming bulk superconductivity. Density functional theory 
+calculations suggest that nitrogen incorporation stabilizes the high-symmetry 
+structure that enables strong electron-phonon coupling. These results 
+establish a pathway toward practical room-temperature superconductors.
+```
+
+**Why this works**:
+- Opens with accessible explanation of significance
+- Historical context (century-old limitation)
+- Precise results (21°C, 1 GPa, 2 K transition width)
+- Multiple lines of evidence (resistance + Meissner effect)
+- Theoretical explanation briefly included
+- Forward-looking conclusion
+
+---
+
+## Example 5: Evolution / Ecology
+
+**Topic**: Rapid evolution in response to climate
+
+```
+Climate change is driving rapid shifts in the geographic distributions of 
+species, but whether organisms can adapt quickly enough to keep pace with 
+warming remains a critical question for biodiversity conservation. Here we 
+document real-time evolution in wild populations of a widespread forest tree, 
+Scots pine, along a 1,000 km latitudinal gradient in Scandinavia. By combining 
+whole-genome sequencing with phenotypic measurements across 25 common gardens, 
+we detect signatures of selection at 47 loci associated with cold tolerance, 
+phenology, and drought resistance over just 50 years—approximately 
+five tree generations. Alleles conferring warmer-adapted phenotypes have 
+increased in frequency by 4-12% across northern populations, matching 
+predictions from models of climate-driven selection. However, migration of 
+warm-adapted genotypes from the south appears limited by geographic barriers. 
+These results demonstrate that trees can evolve rapidly in response to 
+climate change but suggest that assisted gene flow may be necessary to 
+prevent local maladaptation.
+```
+
+**Why this works**:
+- Opens with pressing question (climate adaptation)
+- Specific system (Scots pine) and scale (1,000 km)
+- Methods described briefly (genomics + common gardens)
+- Quantitative results (47 loci, 4-12% frequency shift, 5 generations)
+- Mechanism identified (limited migration)
+- Conservation implications stated
+
+---
+
+## Common Elements Across Examples
+
+### Structure (Implicit)
+1. **Hook**: Why this matters broadly (1-2 sentences)
+2. **Gap**: What was unknown or problematic (1 sentence)
+3. **Approach**: What was done (1 sentence)
+4. **Findings**: Key results with numbers (2-3 sentences)
+5. **Significance**: Why this matters going forward (1 sentence)
+
+### Style Features
+- **Active voice**: "We discovered," "We find," "We report"
+- **Specific numbers**: Exact values, not vague quantities
+- **Accessible language**: Minimal jargon, explained when needed
+- **Compelling opening**: Broad hook before technical details
+- **Strong close**: Implications or future directions
+
+### Word Count
+- Nature: 150-200 words (examples above: 185-210 words)
+- Science: ≤125 words (would need tightening)
+
+---
+
+## What to Avoid
+
+❌ **Too technical opening**:
+> "The CRISPR-Cas9 system with guide RNA targeting PAM sequences..."
+
+✅ **Better opening**:
+> "The ability to precisely edit DNA in living cells..."
+
+---
+
+❌ **Vague results**:
+> "Our method significantly outperformed existing approaches..."
+
+✅ **Better results**:
+> "Our method reduced off-target editing by 78% compared to standard Cas9..."
+
+---
+
+❌ **Weak significance statement**:
+> "These findings may have implications for the field..."
+
+✅ **Better significance**:
+> "These findings suggest new therapeutic approaches for memory disorders..."
+
+---
+
+## See Also
+
+- `nature_science_style.md` - Comprehensive Nature/Science writing guide
+- `venue_writing_styles.md` - Style comparison across venues
+