Initial commit for matlab
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references/graphics-visualization.md
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references/graphics-visualization.md
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# Graphics and Visualization Reference
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## Table of Contents
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1. [2D Plotting](#2d-plotting)
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2. [3D Plotting](#3d-plotting)
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3. [Specialized Plots](#specialized-plots)
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4. [Figure Management](#figure-management)
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5. [Customization](#customization)
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6. [Exporting and Saving](#exporting-and-saving)
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## 2D Plotting
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### Line Plots
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```matlab
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% Basic line plot
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plot(y); % Plot y vs index
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plot(x, y); % Plot y vs x
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plot(x, y, 'r-'); % Red solid line
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plot(x, y, 'b--o'); % Blue dashed with circles
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% Line specification: [color][marker][linestyle]
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% Colors: r g b c m y k w (red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, black, white)
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% Markers: o + * . x s d ^ v > < p h
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% Lines: - -- : -.
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% Multiple datasets
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plot(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3);
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plot(x, [y1; y2; y3]'); % Columns as separate lines
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% With properties
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plot(x, y, 'LineWidth', 2, 'Color', [0.5 0.5 0.5]);
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plot(x, y, 'Marker', 'o', 'MarkerSize', 8, 'MarkerFaceColor', 'r');
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% Get handle for later modification
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h = plot(x, y);
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h.LineWidth = 2;
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h.Color = 'red';
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```
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### Scatter Plots
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```matlab
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scatter(x, y); % Basic scatter
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scatter(x, y, sz); % With marker size
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scatter(x, y, sz, c); % With color
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scatter(x, y, sz, c, 'filled'); % Filled markers
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% sz: scalar or vector (marker sizes)
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% c: color spec, scalar, vector (colormap), or RGB matrix
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% Properties
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scatter(x, y, 'MarkerEdgeColor', 'b', 'MarkerFaceColor', 'r');
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```
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### Bar Charts
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```matlab
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bar(y); % Vertical bars
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bar(x, y); % At specified x positions
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barh(y); % Horizontal bars
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% Grouped and stacked
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bar(Y); % Each column is a group
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bar(Y, 'stacked'); % Stacked bars
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% Properties
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bar(y, 'FaceColor', 'b', 'EdgeColor', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
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bar(y, 0.5); % Bar width (0 to 1)
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```
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### Area Plots
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```matlab
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area(y); % Filled area under curve
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area(x, y);
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area(Y); % Stacked areas
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area(Y, 'FaceAlpha', 0.5); % Transparent
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```
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### Histograms
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```matlab
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histogram(x); % Automatic bins
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histogram(x, nbins); % Number of bins
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histogram(x, edges); % Specified edges
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histogram(x, 'BinWidth', w); % Bin width
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% Normalization
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histogram(x, 'Normalization', 'probability');
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histogram(x, 'Normalization', 'pdf');
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histogram(x, 'Normalization', 'count'); % default
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% 2D histogram
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histogram2(x, y);
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histogram2(x, y, 'DisplayStyle', 'tile');
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histogram2(x, y, 'FaceColor', 'flat');
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```
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### Error Bars
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```matlab
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errorbar(x, y, err); % Symmetric error
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errorbar(x, y, neg, pos); % Asymmetric error
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errorbar(x, y, yneg, ypos, xneg, xpos); % X and Y errors
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% Horizontal
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errorbar(x, y, err, 'horizontal');
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% With line style
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errorbar(x, y, err, 'o-', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
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```
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### Logarithmic Plots
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```matlab
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semilogy(x, y); % Log y-axis
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semilogx(x, y); % Log x-axis
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loglog(x, y); % Both axes log
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```
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### Polar Plots
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```matlab
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polarplot(theta, rho); % Polar coordinates
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polarplot(theta, rho, 'r-o'); % With line spec
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% Customize polar axes
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pax = polaraxes;
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pax.ThetaDir = 'clockwise';
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pax.ThetaZeroLocation = 'top';
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```
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## 3D Plotting
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### Line and Scatter
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```matlab
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% 3D line plot
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plot3(x, y, z);
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plot3(x, y, z, 'r-', 'LineWidth', 2);
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% 3D scatter
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scatter3(x, y, z);
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scatter3(x, y, z, sz, c, 'filled');
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```
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### Surface Plots
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```matlab
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% Create grid first
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[X, Y] = meshgrid(-2:0.1:2, -2:0.1:2);
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Z = X.^2 + Y.^2;
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% Surface plot
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surf(X, Y, Z); % Surface with edges
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surf(Z); % Use indices as X, Y
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% Surface properties
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surf(X, Y, Z, 'FaceColor', 'interp', 'EdgeColor', 'none');
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surf(X, Y, Z, 'FaceAlpha', 0.5); % Transparent
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% Mesh plot (wireframe)
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mesh(X, Y, Z);
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mesh(X, Y, Z, 'FaceColor', 'none');
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% Surface with contour below
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surfc(X, Y, Z);
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meshc(X, Y, Z);
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```
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### Contour Plots
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```matlab
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contour(X, Y, Z); % 2D contour
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contour(X, Y, Z, n); % n contour levels
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contour(X, Y, Z, levels); % Specific levels
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contourf(X, Y, Z); % Filled contours
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[C, h] = contour(X, Y, Z);
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clabel(C, h); % Add labels
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% 3D contour
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contour3(X, Y, Z);
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```
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### Other 3D Plots
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```matlab
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% Bar3
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bar3(Z); % 3D bar chart
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bar3(Z, 'stacked');
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% Pie3
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pie3(X); % 3D pie chart
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% Waterfall
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waterfall(X, Y, Z); % Like mesh with no back lines
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% Ribbon
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ribbon(Y); % 3D ribbon
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% Stem3
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stem3(x, y, z); % 3D stem plot
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```
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### View and Lighting
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```matlab
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% Set view angle
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view(az, el); % Azimuth, elevation
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view(2); % Top-down (2D view)
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view(3); % Default 3D view
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view([1 1 1]); % View from direction
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% Lighting
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light; % Add light source
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light('Position', [1 0 1]);
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lighting gouraud; % Smooth lighting
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lighting flat; % Flat shading
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lighting none; % No lighting
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% Material properties
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material shiny;
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material dull;
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material metal;
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% Shading
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shading flat; % One color per face
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shading interp; % Interpolated colors
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shading faceted; % With edges (default)
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```
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## Specialized Plots
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### Statistical Plots
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```matlab
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% Box plot
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boxplot(data);
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boxplot(data, groups); % Grouped
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boxplot(data, 'Notch', 'on'); % With notches
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% Violin plot (R2023b+)
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violinplot(data);
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% Heatmap
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heatmap(data);
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heatmap(xLabels, yLabels, data);
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heatmap(T, 'XVariable', 'Col1', 'YVariable', 'Col2', 'ColorVariable', 'Val');
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% Parallel coordinates
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parallelplot(data);
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```
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### Image Display
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```matlab
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% Display image
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imshow(img); % Auto-scaled
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imshow(img, []); % Scale to full range
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imshow(img, [low high]); % Specify display range
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% Image as plot
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image(C); % Direct indexed colors
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imagesc(data); % Scaled colors
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imagesc(data, [cmin cmax]); % Specify color limits
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% Colormap for imagesc
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imagesc(data);
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colorbar;
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colormap(jet);
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```
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### Quiver and Stream
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```matlab
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% Vector field
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[X, Y] = meshgrid(-2:0.5:2);
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U = -Y;
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V = X;
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quiver(X, Y, U, V); % 2D arrows
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quiver3(X, Y, Z, U, V, W); % 3D arrows
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% Streamlines
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streamline(X, Y, U, V, startx, starty);
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```
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### Pie and Donut
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```matlab
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pie(X); % Pie chart
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pie(X, explode); % Explode slices (logical)
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pie(X, labels); % With labels
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% Donut (using patch or workaround)
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pie(X);
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% Add white circle in center for donut effect
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```
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## Figure Management
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### Creating Figures
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```matlab
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figure; % New figure window
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figure(n); % Figure with number n
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fig = figure; % Get handle
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fig = figure('Name', 'My Figure', 'Position', [100 100 800 600]);
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% Figure properties
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fig.Color = 'white';
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fig.Units = 'pixels';
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fig.Position = [left bottom width height];
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```
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### Subplots
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```matlab
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subplot(m, n, p); % m×n grid, position p
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subplot(2, 2, 1); % Top-left of 2×2
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% Spanning multiple positions
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subplot(2, 2, [1 2]); % Top row
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% With gap control
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tiledlayout(2, 2); % Modern alternative
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nexttile;
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plot(x1, y1);
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nexttile;
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plot(x2, y2);
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% Tile spanning
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nexttile([1 2]); % Span 2 columns
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```
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### Hold and Overlay
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```matlab
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hold on; % Keep existing, add new plots
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plot(x1, y1);
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plot(x2, y2);
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hold off; % Release
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% Alternative
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hold(ax, 'on');
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hold(ax, 'off');
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```
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### Multiple Axes
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```matlab
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% Two y-axes
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yyaxis left;
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plot(x, y1);
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ylabel('Left Y');
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yyaxis right;
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plot(x, y2);
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ylabel('Right Y');
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% Linked axes
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ax1 = subplot(2,1,1); plot(x, y1);
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ax2 = subplot(2,1,2); plot(x, y2);
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linkaxes([ax1, ax2], 'x'); % Link x-axes
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```
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### Current Objects
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```matlab
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gcf; % Current figure handle
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gca; % Current axes handle
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gco; % Current object handle
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% Set current
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figure(fig);
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axes(ax);
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```
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## Customization
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### Labels and Title
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```matlab
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title('My Title');
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title('My Title', 'FontSize', 14, 'FontWeight', 'bold');
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xlabel('X Label');
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ylabel('Y Label');
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zlabel('Z Label'); % For 3D
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% With interpreter
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title('$$\int_0^1 x^2 dx$$', 'Interpreter', 'latex');
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xlabel('Time (s)', 'Interpreter', 'none');
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```
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### Legend
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```matlab
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legend('Series 1', 'Series 2');
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legend({'Series 1', 'Series 2'});
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legend('Location', 'best'); % Auto-place
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legend('Location', 'northeast');
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legend('Location', 'northeastoutside');
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% With specific plots
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h1 = plot(x1, y1);
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h2 = plot(x2, y2);
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legend([h1, h2], {'Data 1', 'Data 2'});
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legend('off'); % Remove legend
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legend('boxoff'); % Remove box
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```
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### Axis Control
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```matlab
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axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax]); % Set limits
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axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax zmin zmax]); % 3D
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xlim([xmin xmax]);
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ylim([ymin ymax]);
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zlim([zmin zmax]);
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axis equal; % Equal aspect ratio
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axis square; % Square axes
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axis tight; % Fit to data
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axis auto; % Automatic
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axis off; % Hide axes
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axis on; % Show axes
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% Reverse direction
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set(gca, 'YDir', 'reverse');
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set(gca, 'XDir', 'reverse');
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```
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### Grid and Box
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```matlab
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grid on;
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grid off;
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grid minor; % Minor grid lines
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box on; % Show box
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box off; % Hide box
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```
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### Ticks
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```matlab
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xticks([0 1 2 3 4 5]);
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yticks(0:0.5:3);
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xticklabels({'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'});
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yticklabels({'Low', 'Medium', 'High'});
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xtickangle(45); % Rotate labels
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ytickformat('%.2f'); % Format
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xtickformat('usd'); % Currency
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```
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### Colors and Colormaps
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```matlab
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% Predefined colormaps
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colormap(jet);
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colormap(parula); % Default
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colormap(hot);
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colormap(cool);
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colormap(gray);
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colormap(bone);
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colormap(hsv);
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colormap(turbo);
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colormap(viridis);
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% Colorbar
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colorbar;
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colorbar('Location', 'eastoutside');
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caxis([cmin cmax]); % Color limits
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clim([cmin cmax]); % R2022a+ syntax
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% Custom colormap
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cmap = [1 0 0; 0 1 0; 0 0 1]; % Red, green, blue
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colormap(cmap);
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% Color order for lines
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colororder(colors); % R2019b+
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```
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### Text and Annotations
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```matlab
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% Add text
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text(x, y, 'Label');
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text(x, y, z, 'Label'); % 3D
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text(x, y, 'Label', 'FontSize', 12, 'Color', 'red');
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text(x, y, 'Label', 'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');
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% Annotations
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annotation('arrow', [x1 x2], [y1 y2]);
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annotation('textarrow', [x1 x2], [y1 y2], 'String', 'Peak');
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annotation('ellipse', [x y w h]);
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annotation('rectangle', [x y w h]);
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annotation('line', [x1 x2], [y1 y2]);
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% Text with LaTeX
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text(x, y, '$$\alpha = \beta^2$$', 'Interpreter', 'latex');
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```
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### Lines and Shapes
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||||
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```matlab
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% Reference lines
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xline(5); % Vertical line at x=5
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yline(10); % Horizontal line at y=10
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xline(5, '--r', 'Threshold'); % With label
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% Shapes
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rectangle('Position', [x y w h]);
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rectangle('Position', [x y w h], 'Curvature', [0.2 0.2]); % Rounded
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% Patches (filled polygons)
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patch(xv, yv, 'blue');
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patch(xv, yv, zv, 'blue'); % 3D
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||||
```
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## Exporting and Saving
|
||||
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### Save Figure
|
||||
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```matlab
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saveas(gcf, 'figure.png');
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saveas(gcf, 'figure.fig'); % MATLAB figure file
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||||
saveas(gcf, 'figure.pdf');
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||||
saveas(gcf, 'figure.eps');
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||||
```
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||||
### Print Command
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||||
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||||
```matlab
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||||
print('-dpng', 'figure.png');
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||||
print('-dpng', '-r300', 'figure.png'); % 300 DPI
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||||
print('-dpdf', 'figure.pdf');
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||||
print('-dsvg', 'figure.svg');
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||||
print('-deps', 'figure.eps');
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print('-depsc', 'figure.eps'); % Color EPS
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||||
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% Vector formats for publication
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||||
print('-dpdf', '-painters', 'figure.pdf');
|
||||
print('-dsvg', '-painters', 'figure.svg');
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Export Graphics (R2020a+)
|
||||
|
||||
```matlab
|
||||
exportgraphics(gcf, 'figure.png');
|
||||
exportgraphics(gcf, 'figure.png', 'Resolution', 300);
|
||||
exportgraphics(gcf, 'figure.pdf', 'ContentType', 'vector');
|
||||
exportgraphics(gca, 'axes_only.png'); % Just the axes
|
||||
|
||||
% For presentations/documents
|
||||
exportgraphics(gcf, 'figure.emf'); % Windows
|
||||
exportgraphics(gcf, 'figure.eps'); % LaTeX
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Copy to Clipboard
|
||||
|
||||
```matlab
|
||||
copygraphics(gcf); % Copy current figure
|
||||
copygraphics(gca); % Copy current axes
|
||||
copygraphics(gcf, 'ContentType', 'vector');
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Paper Size (for Printing)
|
||||
|
||||
```matlab
|
||||
set(gcf, 'PaperUnits', 'inches');
|
||||
set(gcf, 'PaperPosition', [0 0 6 4]);
|
||||
set(gcf, 'PaperSize', [6 4]);
|
||||
set(gcf, 'PaperPositionMode', 'auto');
|
||||
```
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user