claude-scientific-skills/scientific-databases/metabolomics-workbench-database/SKILL.md

---
name: metabolomics-workbench-database
description: Toolkit for accessing and querying the Metabolomics Workbench, an NIH-sponsored repository containing 4,200+ metabolomics studies with standardized nomenclature (RefMet), study metadata, experimental results, and comprehensive metabolite databases. Use this skill when working with metabolomics data, querying metabolite structures, accessing study results, standardizing metabolite names, performing mass spectrometry searches, or retrieving gene/protein associations with metabolites.
---

# Metabolomics Workbench Database

## Overview

The Metabolomics Workbench is a comprehensive NIH Common Fund-sponsored platform hosted at UCSD that serves as the primary repository for metabolomics research data. It provides programmatic access to over 4,200 processed studies (3,790+ publicly available), standardized metabolite nomenclature through RefMet, and powerful search capabilities across multiple analytical platforms (GC-MS, LC-MS, NMR).

This skill enables efficient interaction with the Metabolomics Workbench REST API to query metabolite structures, access study data, standardize nomenclature, perform mass spectrometry searches, and retrieve gene/protein-metabolite associations.

## Core Capabilities

### 1. Querying Metabolite Structures and Data

Access comprehensive metabolite information including structures, identifiers, and cross-references to external databases.

**Key operations:**
- Retrieve compound data by various identifiers (PubChem CID, InChI Key, KEGG ID, HMDB ID, etc.)
- Download molecular structures as MOL files or PNG images
- Access standardized compound classifications
- Cross-reference between different metabolite databases

**Example queries:**
```python
import requests

# Get compound information by PubChem CID
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/compound/pubchem_cid/5281365/all/json')

# Download molecular structure as PNG
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/compound/regno/11/png')

# Get compound name by registry number
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/compound/regno/11/name/json')
```

### 2. Accessing Study Metadata and Experimental Results

Query metabolomics studies by various criteria and retrieve complete experimental datasets.

**Key operations:**
- Search studies by metabolite, institute, investigator, or title
- Access study summaries, experimental factors, and analysis details
- Retrieve complete experimental data in various formats
- Download mwTab format files for complete study information
- Query untargeted metabolomics data

**Example queries:**
```python
# List all available public studies
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/study/study_id/ST/available/json')

# Get study summary
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/study/study_id/ST000001/summary/json')

# Retrieve experimental data
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/study/study_id/ST000001/data/json')

# Find studies containing a specific metabolite
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/study/refmet_name/Tyrosine/summary/json')
```

### 3. Standardizing Metabolite Nomenclature with RefMet

Use the RefMet database to standardize metabolite names and access systematic classification across four structural resolution levels.

**Key operations:**
- Match common metabolite names to standardized RefMet names
- Query by chemical formula, exact mass, or InChI Key
- Access hierarchical classification (super class, main class, sub class)
- Retrieve all RefMet entries or filter by classification

**Example queries:**
```python
# Standardize a metabolite name
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/refmet/match/citrate/name/json')

# Query by molecular formula
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/refmet/formula/C12H24O2/all/json')

# Get all metabolites in a specific class
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/refmet/main_class/Fatty%20Acids/all/json')

# Retrieve complete RefMet database
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/refmet/all/json')
```

### 4. Performing Mass Spectrometry Searches

Search for compounds by mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) with specified ion adducts and tolerance levels.

**Key operations:**
- Search precursor ion masses across multiple databases (Metabolomics Workbench, LIPIDS, RefMet)
- Specify ion adduct types (M+H, M-H, M+Na, M+NH4, M+2H, etc.)
- Calculate exact masses for known metabolites with specific adducts
- Set mass tolerance for flexible matching

**Example queries:**
```python
# Search by m/z value with M+H adduct
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/moverz/MB/635.52/M+H/0.5/json')

# Calculate exact mass for a metabolite with specific adduct
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/moverz/exactmass/PC(34:1)/M+H/json')

# Search across RefMet database
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/moverz/REFMET/200.15/M-H/0.3/json')
```

### 5. Filtering Studies by Analytical and Biological Parameters

Use the MetStat context to find studies matching specific experimental conditions.

**Key operations:**
- Filter by analytical method (LCMS, GCMS, NMR)
- Specify ionization polarity (POSITIVE, NEGATIVE)
- Filter by chromatography type (HILIC, RP, GC)
- Target specific species, sample sources, or diseases
- Combine multiple filters using semicolon-delimited format

**Example queries:**
```python
# Find human blood studies on diabetes using LC-MS
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/metstat/LCMS;POSITIVE;HILIC;Human;Blood;Diabetes/json')

# Find all human blood studies containing tyrosine
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/metstat/;;;Human;Blood;;;Tyrosine/json')

# Filter by analytical method only
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/metstat/GCMS;;;;;;/json')
```

### 6. Accessing Gene and Protein Information

Retrieve gene and protein data associated with metabolic pathways and metabolite metabolism.

**Key operations:**
- Query genes by symbol, name, or ID
- Access protein sequences and annotations
- Cross-reference between gene IDs, RefSeq IDs, and UniProt IDs
- Retrieve gene-metabolite associations

**Example queries:**
```python
# Get gene information by symbol
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/gene/gene_symbol/ACACA/all/json')

# Retrieve protein data by UniProt ID
response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/protein/uniprot_id/Q13085/all/json')
```

## Common Workflows

### Workflow 1: Finding Studies for a Specific Metabolite

To find all studies containing measurements of a specific metabolite:

1. First standardize the metabolite name using RefMet:
   ```python
   response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/refmet/match/glucose/name/json')
   ```

2. Use the standardized name to search for studies:
   ```python
   response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/study/refmet_name/Glucose/summary/json')
   ```

3. Retrieve experimental data from specific studies:
   ```python
   response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/study/study_id/ST000001/data/json')
   ```

### Workflow 2: Identifying Compounds from MS Data

To identify potential compounds from mass spectrometry m/z values:

1. Perform m/z search with appropriate adduct and tolerance:
   ```python
   response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/moverz/MB/180.06/M+H/0.5/json')
   ```

2. Review candidate compounds from results

3. Retrieve detailed information for candidate compounds:
   ```python
   response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/compound/regno/{regno}/all/json')
   ```

4. Download structures for confirmation:
   ```python
   response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/compound/regno/{regno}/png')
   ```

### Workflow 3: Exploring Disease-Specific Metabolomics

To find metabolomics studies for a specific disease and analytical platform:

1. Use MetStat to filter studies:
   ```python
   response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/metstat/LCMS;POSITIVE;;Human;;Cancer/json')
   ```

2. Review study IDs from results

3. Access detailed study information:
   ```python
   response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/study/study_id/ST{ID}/summary/json')
   ```

4. Retrieve complete experimental data:
   ```python
   response = requests.get('https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/rest/study/study_id/ST{ID}/data/json')
   ```

## Output Formats

The API supports two primary output formats:
- **JSON** (default): Machine-readable format, ideal for programmatic access
- **TXT**: Human-readable tab-delimited text format

Specify format by appending `/json` or `/txt` to API URLs. When format is omitted, JSON is returned by default.

## Best Practices

1. **Use RefMet for standardization**: Always standardize metabolite names through RefMet before searching studies to ensure consistent nomenclature

2. **Specify appropriate adducts**: When performing m/z searches, use the correct ion adduct type for your analytical method (e.g., M+H for positive mode ESI)

3. **Set reasonable tolerances**: Use appropriate mass tolerance values (typically 0.5 Da for low-resolution, 0.01 Da for high-resolution MS)

4. **Cache reference data**: Consider caching frequently used reference data (RefMet database, compound information) to minimize API calls

5. **Handle pagination**: For large result sets, be prepared to handle multiple data structures in responses

6. **Validate identifiers**: Cross-reference metabolite identifiers across multiple databases when possible to ensure correct compound identification

## Resources

### references/

Detailed API reference documentation is available in `references/api_reference.md`, including:
- Complete REST API endpoint specifications
- All available contexts (compound, study, refmet, metstat, gene, protein, moverz)
- Input/output parameter details
- Ion adduct types for mass spectrometry
- Additional query examples

Load this reference file when detailed API specifications are needed or when working with less common endpoints.